Cystitis is called bladder inflammation. Most of the time, this problem comprises women, as they are shorter and broader compared to men. This circumstance makes the penetration of the infection here simpler and faster. In total, in different periods of life, cystitis is sick of 20 to 40 % of the composition of women on the planet.
The causes of cystitis
Cystitis is a disease inherent in all ages. The following motives mainly cause this:
- hypothermia of the pelvic areas;
- Bladder mucous membrane lesions;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- acute and fatty foods;
- the presence of chronic or sexually transmitted gynecological diseases;
- the presence of outbreaks of infection in the body;
- Unprotected sex;
- Lack of hygiene.
The main cause of this disease is hypothermia. The most dangerous freezing of the legs and pelvis. Therefore, you cannot sit on cold surfaces, use fine silk line at cold season, as well as very light shoes.
The risk factor is also a sedentary work that causes blood stagnation in the veins of the pelvic areas. You cannot sit on continuously in one place, for example, 4-5 hours. If your tasks require this, you will need to get up more often and take 15 minutes breaks.
A special category of causes capable of causing cystitis represents violations of hygiene rules. You risk acquiring this disease if:
- Rarely change from pittings or hygienic joints for menstruation;
- Practice transitions from anal to vaginal intercourse;
- Often, wearing synthetic underwear of tight adjustment;
- constantly use daily joints;
- After defecation, clean toward the anus below;
- Do not observe the mode of urination.
It is necessary to release the bladder at least 5 times a day, otherwise the infection that enters the bladder is facilitated due to the stagnation or decomposition of the urine.
Types of cystitis
Depending on the nature of the disease, cystitis is divided into acute and chronic. The acute form continues in the presence of pronounced symptoms and occurs after a sudden provocative factor.
Chronic cystitis is characterized by the lower severity of manifestations and is often caused by other diseases.
Depending on the cause of the pathology, cystitis is divided into primary and secondary, as well as bacterial and non -bacterial.
Bacterial inflammation of this organ is caused by infections of various origins - streptococci, enterococci, gonococci etc. At the same time, infection can be hematogenic, lymphogenic, descending or ascending.
Nebacterial cystitis develops with the irritation of the walls with medicinal, chemical or other substances. Distinguish between thermal, toxic, radiation, allergic and food cystitis.
If primary disease is characterized by damage to the right of the bladder by any of these factors, secondary cystitis will develop as a result of other diseases of this or nearby organs. Thus, for example, usually accompanies urolithiasis, prostate adenoma, urethra stenosis, etc.
Cystitis symptoms
Symptoms of this disease depend on its form. If, in acute cases, there is a bright clinical image with strong reins with rapids up to several times per hour of urination, then during the chronic course during remission, the signs may be absolutely absent.
The most characteristic symptoms of the acute form of the disease include:
- painful and frequent urination;
- Cutting pain over the pubic in the bladder area;
- cloudy urine;
- In severe cases, an increase in temperature.
In some patients, there is also a mix of blood in the urine, there is constantly a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. In some patients, at the end of urination, they are so strong that they radiate to the rectum.
If these symptoms occur in a man, you should immediately contact a urologist, as male cystitis is almost always secondary. Its main cause is prostate diseases, urolithiasis, diabetes mellitus. Symptoms very similar to cystitis occurs with non -niccock urethritis.
Occasionally, the asymptomatic course of cystitis is possible. In such cases, the diagnosis is by chance when performing urine analysis for another reason.
Diagnosis
In the presence of a typical clinical picture in favor of acute cystitis, a rapid improvement in the condition under the influence of antibacterial agents speaks. In addition, laboratory tests are taken into consideration as well as ultrasound data.
After the disappearance of the acute phenomena, in order to clarify the diagnosis, cystoscopy is performed, which is a study of the internal state of the bladder.
For women, a gynecological examination is very important, in which concomitant female diseases that contribute to the development of cystitis can be identified.
Thus, a complete exam in chronic cystitis consists of:
General urine analysis; - Urine bacteriological sowing;
- Urine Analysis According to Nechiporenko;
- PCR diagnosis;
- cystoscopy;
- Ultrasound of genitourinary organs;
- If necessary - biopsy.
Cystitis should not be confused with urethritis, which consists of inflammation of the urethra and manifests only by reins, burning and pain during urination. In many cases, these diseases are accompanied.
If the inflammatory process does not respond to treatment and the process acquires prolonged character, you should find in detail the cause of this situation. In this case, to prescribe the correct treatment, it is necessary to differentiate cystitis with other diseases, for example, prostatitis, bladder cancer, tuberculosis.
When making a diagnosis, it should also be taken into account that cystitis is not characterized by an increase in temperature by 37, 5 degrees. If the patient has this symptom, he needs a urologist consultation to exclude kidney disease.
Cystitis Treatment
To get rid of the outbreak or exacerbation of this extremely unpleasant disease, you need to follow the following recommendations:
- Observe rest in bed;
- take prescribed medicines;
- Drink a lot of hot liquid;
- Follow the diet.
In acute cystitis, antitasmodic prescribed, antibacterial medications, herbs with diuretic effects. With pronounced pain, medicines that relieve the spasm of the bladder muscles - NOSHPU, Drotaverin and Papaverine. They can be used both in the form of tablets and in the form of candles. It helps to eliminate the crib, placed in the lower abdomen.
The molten herbs are widely used for cystitis, jingrenae leaves, kidney tea. Cranberry, linguira and blueberry fruit drinks are very useful in such a situation. There are ready -to -date phytopreparations for these cases. The use of finished medicines provides a more expected effect on the treatment of cystitis. But the use of ready pharmacological agents -feeds do not cancel the ingestion of abundant hot drink.
Hot baths with herbs or washing the outer genitalia with warm water with soda solution will help alleviate the condition after painful urination.
The acute cystitis diet should exclude marinades, spices, salty. Dairy products, fruits, especially watermelon, will be useful.
In the chronic course of the disease, procedures are prescribed in order to restore urine leaving. This includes, for example, the treatment of prostate adenoma, the elimination of narrow narrowing. Mandatory detection and elimination of infection focuses on the body is performed. In chronic forms of cystitis, antibacterial treatment is performed only after appropriate laboratory tests - sowing urine, identifying the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics.
Treatment with folkloric methods
People have many means that have a positive effect on urinary sphere diseases, including cystitis. The most effective of them can be called the following:
- Boil 3 liters of milk. Separate a large mug and pour into a basin. The patient should put the legs on it and get wrapped with a blanket at the waist. When milk in the pelvis begins to cool, you need to add another mug there. So continue until all milk is shed. When repeating the procedure, the same milk can be boiled again. Repeat to improve the condition.
- Make 2 halves of red brick and heat in the fire. Put them in an empty metal bucket whose edges are wrapped with fabric. The patient is sitting on a bucket and surrounds the bottom of the body in a chess or blanket. Sitting in this position as the heat comes from bricks. After the end of the procedure, go to bed. Repeat several times.
Not all patients are allowed thermal procedures in the pelvis. For example, they are against -Indicated in women with fibromioma. In such cases, the use of diuretic herbs, which should be performed for 1, 5-2 months. With herbal medicine to avoid relapses, it is important to take repeated courses. Therefore, after an acute outbreak of the disease, treatment should be repeated after 2-3 months and in the treatment of chronic forms-after 3-5 months.
A good effect with cystitis has a collection of herbs: in equal proportions, parsley grass, thyme, St. John's must, dill and knorbus are mixed in equal proportions. 1 teaspoon of the mixture is spilled with 1 cup of boiling water and insisted. You need to drink this half -cup infusion three times a day for 20 days. 3 of these courses should be performed with a 10 -day interval between them. Relief already occurs during the first course, and the full cycle helps to get rid of ancient cystitis.
A rapid improvement in the condition can be obtained if a handful of dried flowers of a corn flow is manufactured with 300 g of boiling water and insists for 30 minutes. Half of the portion is drunk in small sips at night, the second half of the morning.
The acute manifestations of cystitis are rapidly passed if you eat 0, 5-1 l of Jingreos at one dose. But that does not mean that additional treatment should be completely interrupted in it.
The effect of folkloric methods will be more stable if used in combination with diet and drug treatment.
Possible complications
With proper therapy, symptoms disappear within 5 to 10 days. But often, after treatment at home or hurry treatment, signs of the disease disappear only for a while. The true cause of the disease remains in the body and is immediately felt with the slightest hypothermia. In this case, they say that cystitis has become a chronic form.
The chronic type of disease is especially dangerous for girls as it can lead to scars from the rear wall of the urethra and reducing it in volume. At the same time, there is a vicious circle, which consists in constantly feeding the foci of infection with each other.
Also, if cystitis is not enough, a bladder infection can penetrate the kidneys as a result of a more severe disease develops - pyelonephritis. At the same time, pain in the lower back, fever and swelling are added to frequent urination.
A severe complication of the disease that occurs in the absence of proper treatment is the development of interstitial cystitis. In this case, the infection penetrates not only the mucosa, but also the submucosal layer, as well as the muscle wall of the organ. Its tissues are marked and deformed, which implies wrinkling the bladder and the loss of its volume. The only way to save the patient is the operation to complete the organ with the new plastic, consisting of large intestine tissues.
Cystitis during pregnancy
This disease, which already mainly plagues women, usually occurs during pregnancy. Each tenth woman learns about the existence of this disease precisely in the difficult period of taking a child.
Its occurrence in the early stages is explained by changes in the hormonal background as well as by the phenomenon of immunosuppression of pregnant women, that is, inhibition of immunity. It is the weakened immunity that allows microorganisms to reproduce freely and cause inflammation of the bladder mucous membrane. Therefore, the lowest hypothermia, violation of hygiene rules and even sharp climate change can cause acute cystitis in all their glory in their expectant mother.
The occurrence of this disease is also facilitated by the constantly growing uterus, which squeezes the bladder and leads to a violation of urine output, which causes the active propagation of pathogenic microbes.
The difficulty of treating cystitis during pregnancy is that medications taken can negatively affect the body of the born. But at the same time, treatment should be performed immediately, as the infection can spread to the kidneys. Therefore, you need to take these medications that will act specifically in the bladder.
Cystitis prevention
For the prevention of the disease, simply follow some simple recommendations:
- Observe intimate hygiene;
- Avoid hypothermia;
- Do not feel on cold surfaces;
- Do not eat spicy and salty foods;
- Infections by cure sex;
- Refuse underwear from synthetic materials.
With a lifestyle sitting every 20 to 30 minutes, you should get up and knead and, of course, should not be lazy to empty the bladder in time.
Good cystitis prevention is the daily drink of a cranberry juice glass or taking cranberries in any other way. This natural remedy has a diuretic and disinfectant property and, as it were, interferes with the infection on the bladder walls.