CystitisCall the bladder inflammation.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection and is a type of urinary tract infection (IMVP).The bladder infection can be very painful and exhaustive and can also lead to more serious problems if the kidneys rising.
In rare cases, cystitis may be a reaction to certain medications, radiotherapy or other stimuli: female hygiene sprays, spermicidal gels or long -term urinary catheter.Cystitis can also be a complication of another disease.
Normally, bacterial cystitis requires the prescription of antibiotics.Treatment of other types of cystitis depends on your cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
Cystitis symptoms include:
Imperative (sudden and very strong) desire to urinate
False urination
Burning during urination
Frequent urination, small urine
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Muddy urine and/or urine with an unpleasant smell
Pelvis area discomfort
Pressure pressure in the lower abdomen
Subfilid body temperature (from 37 to 38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden emergence of daily enuresis (urinary incontinence) can also be a sign of urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Seek medical help immediately if you have characteristic symptoms of kidney infection, in particular:
Back or side
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Frequent and painful urination, lasting more than a few hours
Blood in the urine.
It is especially important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you have just completed the course of treatment and the symptoms have already returned, consult a doctor immediately.
If your child has a daytime enuresis, call your pediatrician
The causes and risk factors of cystitis
The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, bladder and urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urinary system is to eliminate body slag.The kidneys filter the blood, releasing primary and then secondary urine;Secondary urine flows through the bladder ureters and accumulates for several hours, after which the bladder is filled, the person feels like urinating and empties the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Urinary infections usually occur when bacteria from outside penetrate the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply there.Most of the time, cystitis is caused by E. coli bacteria.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sex, especially this happens after the first sexual intercourse in a woman's life.But even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to inferior urinary tract infections, because women in genitals are often observation bacteria that cause cystitis.
Non -infectious cystitis
Nebakterialnym cystritating includes:
Interstitial cystitis.The causes of this chronic bladder inflammation, also called painful bladder syndrome, are not yet clear.More often found in women.This disease can be difficult to identify and heal.
Medicines cystitis.Some drugs, chemotherapeutics may cause cystitis as they accumulate in the bladder and irritate their wall.
Radiation cystitis.Pelvic radiation treatment can cause inflammatory changes in bladder tissues.
Cystitis of a foreign body.Prolonged use of the urinary catheter may increase the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage;Both factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may have increased sensitivity to chemicals contained in Jacuzzi, female hygiene sprays, spermicidnyh gels and other substances.Local chemical irritation, or allergic inflammation - causes typical symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Cystitis can sometimes occur as a complication of other diseases, such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy, or spinal cord injury.
Risk factors
It is more likely that some people develop recurring urinary tract infections than others.First of all, the risk factor is the female floor - a short urethra makes women more vulnerable before this disease.
Among women, those who: who:
Sexually active.Sexual relations can lead to protalkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptive means.Women who use diaphragms and other membranes impregnated with spermicidnym gel are more likely to suffer from cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormonal changes during pregnancy may increase the risk of cystitis.
Located in menopause.Hormones altered in menopause women are often provociruyut IMVP.
Other risk factors of cystitis in men and women include:
Urine obstacle.It can be caused by a bladder stone or an increased prostate (in men).
Changes in the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy.Suppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacterial cystitis and, in some cases, viral.
Long time use of the urinary catheter.Older people and people with some diseases may have to wear the urinary catheter for a long time.This usually leads to increased vulnerability before bacterial infections as well as direct damage to bladder tissues.
In men without predisposing factors - cystitis is rare.
Cystitis Complications
With fast and suitable treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with premature treatment, cystitis can cause more serious diseases.
Cystitis complications include, first and foremost, pyelonephritis (infectious renal inflammation).An inflamed bladder infection may fall into the ascending kidneys, which in turn can cause pyelonephritis and even irreversible renal tissue (nephrosclerosis).
First children and the elderly have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infections because IMVP symptoms are often neglected or mistaken by doctors for symptoms of other diseases.
Preparation for a medical visit
If you, or your child, have characteristic symptoms of cystitis, you should make an appointment with a doctor.First, you should be examined by a pediatrician, a therapist or a general professional, and if he considers necessary, you will be directed to a urologist or nephrologist.Anticipating reception time, you can make a list that will reduce and optimize communication time with your doctor:
Write down your symptoms, including those that seem not related to cystitis
Make a list of all drugs, vitamins or food additives you accept
Write down questions you would like to ask your doctor
For example, you may ask a doctor:
What probably caused my illness?
What additional exams do I need to pass?
What factors, in your opinion, contributed to the development of cystitis?
What kind of treatment approach do you recommend?
If this course does not bring relief, what treatment do you advise me to follow?
What side effects can be expected from the prescribed treatment course?
What is the risk that this problem is repeated?
What can I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need an appointment from a narrow urologist, urologist or nephrologist?
Feel free to ask questions that come up with you during a conversation with a doctor.
Your doctor will probably ask several questions, for example:
When did you notice these symptoms for the first time?
Have you been treated for urinary tract infections previously?
How strong discomfort do you try?
How often did you get wet?
After urination, how much does it last?
Do you have a lower back pain?
Did you have a high temperature?
Did you notice the discharge of the vagina or blood in the urine?
Are you sexually active?
Do you use creams for contraception?Which?
Aren't you pregnant?
Do you take drugs, biological supplements or vitamins?Do you have any chronic diseases?
Have you ever wore a urinary catheter?
Cystitis diagnosis
In addition to questioning your symptoms and physics examination, your doctor may recommend certain tests and tests, such as:
General Urine AnalysisThe test is used as Skriningovy and as a diagnosis.In this analysis, IMVP can be discussed in increased leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrite.
Urine analysis for sterility.If the bladder is suspected of infection, the doctor may prescribe urine analysis for sterility, which will show the type of bacteria in the urine and its number.
General blood testThis analysis shows non -specific inflammatory changes in white blood cells and may indirectly indirectly the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During this study, the doctor presents a cystoscope - a thin tube with backlight and camcorder, through the bladder urethra, and examines it from the inside to study structural anomalies and signs of inflammation.
When using a cystoscope, the doctor can also carry a small sample of tissue (biopsy) from a suspicious location for laboratory analysis.However, cystoscopy is not shown to all patients with cystitis, but only for patients with recurring cystitis or nebakterialnym.
Visolisiruyushchie methods.These research methods are also required by all patients, but only for those who cannot find the cause of IMVP relapse in other ways.For example, the overall vision radiography of the abdomen, or ultrasound of retroperitoneal space, may identify structural anomalies of the bladder, ureters and kidneys.In some cases, a contrast is performed before radiography, ascending (cystography) or descendant (intravenous urography).
Cystitis Treatment
Cystitis caused by a bacterial infection is usually treated with antibiotics.Treatment of non -infectious cystitis depends on your cause.
Bacterial cystitis treatment
First line antibiotics are active drugs against the intestinal stick or bacteria found in the urine during sowing.
Primary infection.Symptoms usually improve visibly in the early days of treatment, but the doctor may insist on continuous therapy of three to seven days, depending on the severity of their infection.
Repeated infection.If you have an IMVP relapse, the doctor may recommend a longer antibiotic treatment or to direct it to a doctor specializing in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urologist or nephrologist) to identify the cause of relapse.For some women with recurring bacterial cystami, a unique dose of the antibiotic after each sexual intercourse can be useful.
Nosocomial infections.Bladder nosocomial infections can be extremely difficult to treat because the bacteria that cause them are often resistant to the main antibiotics used to the therapy of extracurricular bladder infections.Therefore, the doctor can prescribe several antibiotics at once.
Treatment of interstitial cystitis
The reason for the development of interstitial cystitis remains uncertain;Therefore, there is no appropriate universal treatment regime for all patients at the same time.The doctor may try the following treatment methods:
Preparations used orally, or administered directly on the bladder.
Local procedures that relieve symptoms, such as bladder stretching, filling it with water or gas.
Nerve excitement with light electrical impulses (physicalization) to relieve pain in the pelvic area and, in some cases, reduce the frequency of urination
Treatment of other forms of non -infectious cystitis
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that causes non -infectious cystitis: jacuzzi, spermicide cream, etc.
The treatment of cystitis, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, focuses on pain suppression (usually using painkillers) and washing to reduce contact with bladder irritants.
Lifestyle and home remedies
Cystitis can be very painful, but there are simple homemade methods to make this discomfort easier:
Use the heating pillow.Place the heating pillow in the lower abdomen, this will greatly alleviate the pain and weight in the pelvis.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink many liquids.Avoid coffee, alcohol, non -alcoholic beverages containing caffeine, citrus juices;As well as spicy foods - until symptoms of cystitis decrease.These substances may irritate the bladder and aggravate the frequency and intensity of urination.
Take a sedentary bath.Supports the groin in hot water for 15 to 20 minutes, this will remarkably alleviate the pain and discomfort.
With recurring IMVP, discuss your great personal therapy and symptomatic treatment with your doctor.
Cystitis prevention
Cranberry juice or pro -Aantocyanidine pills are often recommended to reduce the risk of some women's recurring bladder infections.However, recent studies show that these methods are not as effective as previously thought.
You can still try to drink cranberry juice daily, but remember that it cannot be combined with Varfarin, as this combination can lead to bleeding.
The following simple rules may be useful for cystitis prevention:
Drink many liquids, especially water.This is especially important if you receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Hot more often.If you feel like urinating, do not postpone a visit to the bathroom.
After defecation, clean the groin in front.This prevents bacteria from the anal region in the vagina and the urethra.
Take a shower, not a bath.If you are prone to IMVP relapses, if you refuse the bath and shower, as water standing in the bath can help penetrate the infection in the urethra.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus.Do it daily, but don't use irritating soaps and don't make energetic efforts.In delicate skin around these areas, irritation occurs easily.
No more bladder as soon as possible after sexual intercourse.Drink a glass full of water so you soon go to the bathroom again.
Avoid the use of deodorants and aerosols, as well as other female cosmetics in the genital area.These substances can irritate the urethra and bladder.